Presently sponsored by: Join Snyk's May 15th event to discover how to establish a Security Champions program, bridging security and development

For many years, people would come to Have I Been Pwned (HIBP), run a search on their email address, get the big red "Oh no - pwned!" response and then... I'm not sure. We really didn't have much guidance until we partnered with 1Password and started giving specific advice about how to secure your digital life. So, that's passwords sorted, but the impact of data breaches goes well beyond passwords alone...

There are many different ways people are impacted by breaches, for example, identity fraud. Breaches frequently contain precisely the sort of information that opens the door to impersonation and just taking a quick look at the HIBP stats now, there's a lot of data out there:

1. 227 breaches exposed physical address
2. 243 breaches exposed date of birth
3. 288 breaches exposed phone numbers

That's just the big numbers, then there's the long tail of all sorts of other exposed high-risk data, including partial credit cards (32 breaches), government-issued IDs (18 breaches) and passport numbers (7 breaches). As well as helping people choose good passwords, we want to help them stay safe in the other aspects of their lives put at risk when hackers run riot.

Identity protection services are a good example, and I might be showing my age here, but I've been using them since the 90's. Today, I use a local Aussie one called Truyu which is built by the Commonwealth Bank. Let me give you two examples from them to illustrate why it's a useful service:

The first one came on Melbourne Cup day last year, a day when Aussies traditionally get drunk and lose money betting on horse races. Because gambling (sorry - "gaming") is a heavily regulated industry, a whole bunch of identity data has to be provided if you want to set up an account with the likes of SportsBet. Whilst I personally maintain that gambling is a tax on people who can't do maths, Charlotte was convinced we should have a go anyway, which resulted in Truyu popping up this alert:

This was me (and yes, of course we lost everything we bet) but... what if it wasn't me, and my personal information had been used by someone else to open the account? That's the sort of thing I'd want to know about fast. As for all those "Illion Credit Header" entries, I asked Truyu to help explain what they mean and why they're important to know:

• Illion Credit Header – Banking Finance Segment : This segment includes information that links you to financial institutions—such as banks, lenders, or credit card provider. It helps confirm your financial presence and association with trusted entities, but it can also reveal if your identity is being used across multiple banks fraudulently.
• Illion Credit Header – Telecommunications Segment: This covers data from telco providers (e.g., Optus, Telstra, Vodafone), indicating that your identity has been used to open or inquire about telco services. Telco accounts are often targeted for fraud (SIM swaps, device purchases), so unexpected entries here can flag potential misuse of your ID.
• Illion Credit Header – Utilities Segment - This segment includes information showing you've been associated with utility services like electricity, gas, or water. If someone uses your ID to set up a utility account, it will show here—often before more obvious signs of fraud occur.
• Illion Credit Header – Public Records Segment: This includes any publicly available identity-linked records, such as: Court judgements, Bankruptcies, ASIC or other official listings

Yep, I'd definitely want to know if it wasn't me that initiated all that!

Then, on a recent visit to see the Irish National Cyber Security Centre, we found ourselves hungry in Dublin. Google Maps recommended this epic sushi place, but when we arrived, a sign at the front advised they didn't accept credit cards - in 2025!! Carrying only digital cards, having no cash and being hungry for sushi, I explored the only other avenue the store suggested: creating a Revolut account. Doing so required a bunch of personal information because, like betting, finance is a heavily regulated industry. This earned me another early warning from Truyu about the use of my data:

I pay Truyu A$4.99 each month via a subscription on my iPhone, and IMHO, it's money well spent. For full disclosure, Truyu is also an enterprise subscriber to HIBP (like 1Password is), and you can see breaches we've processed in their app too. I've included them here because they're a great example of a service that adds real value "after the breach", and it's one I genuinely use myself.

The point of all this is that there are organisations out there offering services that are particularly relevant to data breach victims, and we'd like to find the really good ones and put them on the new HIBP website. We've even built out some all-new dedicated spaces, for example on the new breach page:

But choosing partners is a bit more nuanced than that. For example, a service like Truyu caters to an Aussie audience, and the way identity protection works in the US or UK, for example, is different. We need different partners in different parts of the world, and further, offering different services. Identity protection is one thing, but what else? There are many different risks that both individuals and organisations (of which there are hundreds of thousands using HIBP today) face after being in a data breach.

So, we're looking for more partners that can make a positive difference for the folks that land on HIBP, do a search and then ask "now what?!" We're obviously going to be very selective and very cautious about who we work with because the trust people have in HIBP is not something I'll ever jeopardise by selecting the wrong partners. And, of course, any other brand that appears on this site needs to be one that reflects not just our values and mission, but is complementary to our favourite password manager as well.

Now that we're on the cusp of launching this new site (May 17 is our target), I'm inviting any organisations that think they fit the bill to get in touch with me and explain how they can make a positive difference to data breach victims looking for answers "after the breach".

The Next Chapter: Uno Platform Studio and Uno Platform 6.0 ANNOUNCED!

• Uno Platform Team
• May 7, 2025

Nearly seven years after unveiling Uno Platform, we’re announcing our BIGGEST RELEASE EVER.
A milestone that redefines developer productivity and marks the beginning of a whole new chapter in the evolution of Uno Platform

With Uno Platform, you will build cross-platform .NET applications in record time. It provides a highly efficient Dev Loop driven by two key elements: a comprehensive open-source foundation, and premium tooling provided in Uno Platform Studio, which integrates seamlessly with your IDE of choice—Visual Studio, Rider, or VS Code—and runs on your preferred OS. 

Firstly, we are declaring Uno Platform Studio “generally available”, and we’re kicking off its commercialization with a 20% discount for purchases made within the next 30 days. To receive the discount code, please get in touch with us via email.

Uno Platform Studio is built on top of the open-source Uno Platform, and gives you a highly productive, end-to-end workflow to build, edit, and ship real .NET apps in record time – all from a single codebase. 

• Hot Design – The industry-first visual designer for cross-platform .NET apps. Instantly pause and edit your running app from any IDE, on any OS — even with complex UIs — and see changes live as you work.

   

• Hot Reload – Confidently tweak and test code in real time. See visual feedback instantly with our App Indicator confirming your changes were applied — no guessing, no restarts.

   

• Design-to-Code – Go from Figma to functional UI in one click. Generate clean, maintainable, production-ready XAML or C# markup that looks like it was hand-written.
   

Most importantly, the code generated by Uno Platform Studio is clean, maintainable, and indistinguishable from hand-written code, so you can move fast without sacrificing quality or long-term readability and maintainability. 

Secondly, we re-engineered the whole Uno Platform to make sure it is lean, fast and super-easy to use, but also to prepare it for the premium tooling and AI innovation to come.  On mobile, we’ve observed up to 3X performance improvements in startup time, down to 0.5 seconds.  

Uno Platform 6.0 is the best and the fastest Uno Platform yet, which now comes with a new unified rendering engine which provides massive improvements on app startup times, and hyper-performance on UI rendering – up to 75% smaller footprint, 60% faster startup, 30% less memory and 45X faster to run. 

Our Free & Open-Source Pledge

At Uno Platform, we believe everything you need to build and run your cross-platform app—what we consider core, should be free and open source. We’re taking a clear stance: the Uno Platform itself—the foundation of your app development workflow—will always be open source and free under one of the most permissive licenses – Apache 2.0.  

Our sustainability model isn’t based on monetizing runtimes or locking down vital components. That means essential features like DataGrid, WebView, MediaPlayer, and critical developer tools such as Automated App Packaging are part of the open-source core, freely available to everyone. 

Instead, we have built our sustainability model via our premium tooling suite, Uno Platform Studio, offering advanced, optional tooling to accelerate your workflow. 

This way, you can confidently build open-source software, invite contributors, fork the repo, and grow a community around your project without any restrictions or licensing hurdles. We guarantee that your projects are future-proof and unconstrained — today and in the long term.

Uno Platform Studio and Hot Design General Availability

Over a year in the making, Uno Platform Studio and Hot Design have reached General Availability (GA), bringing a powerful runtime visual code editing experience to .NET and Uno Platform developers. 

Uno Platform Studio is a suite of tools helping you build .NET applications in record time, currently consisting of Hot Design, Hot Reload, and Design-to-Code Figma plugin, all working together to boost dev productivity.  Additional tooling we release to accelerate development with the open-source Uno Platform will be released within Uno Platform Studio suite.   

While tools like Hot Reload and Design-to-Code Figma plugins have been available for some time, widely adopted, and battle-tested, it’s the patent-pending Hot Design that we’re now advancing from beta to general availability. 

For those not yet familiar with Hot Design, it is a game-changing evolution of past visual designers, with key differences from past WYSWIG designers extensively covered in previous blog posts. In a nutshell, with Hot Design, you can pause a running app, transform it into a live visual design surface, tweak the UI, update data bindings, and resume the app—all without restarting. This new approach streamlines and optimizes the developer workflow, significantly boosting productivity.  

Uno Platform Studio & Hot Design work with all IDEs and include powerful features such as Visual Data Binding and Smart Property Finder, making it easier to locate and edit properties in complex UIs. It also supports third-party and custom controls, as well as popular design patterns like MVVM and MVUX, and more. To learn more about Hot Design please see Hot Design page, or better yet, experience it via Chef’s sample application we are releasing today, with some hot tips on what to try first. 

After six months of beta and extensive testing, we are declaring Hot Design ready and are including the full version as part of Uno Platform Studio Pro, available for a monthly subscription of $39/month or $360 USD for annual subscribers. To celebrate the launch, we are enabling a 20% discount for all purchases made until the end of May; please email us to get a coupon code.  In addition, Uno Platform Pro is free for all open-source maintainers and students in post-secondary institutions; just get in touch with our team to receive your license.  

Following general availability, we are happy to announce the Hot Design roadmap – in the months to come, we will add more AI functionality as well as richer editors, advanced item and page templates, and more. Of course, we are keeping some items as added surprise for future releases of Hot Design.  

Uno Platform 6.0 - Unified Skia Rendering

Uno Platform apps can now run on iOS, Android, Web/WebAssembly, Mac, Linux and Windows using Skia, unifying our rendering engine in one fast and performing alongside our existing native implementations. Running an app on mobile using Skia provides high-performance, hardware-accelerated rendering, ensuring smooth graphics and animations across all platforms.  

The performance gains speak for themselves. We’ve used our performance testing open-source project LOL to benchmark it against previous versions of Uno Platform. Also built on and extended LOL testing shared in the past by other .NET technologies, we included a comparison with those tests as well.  

We tested startup time on a 3-year-old iPhone 13; the startup time went from 1.5s to 0.49s.

A few other highlights:  

• Smaller: Desktop Skia, 200MB down to 52MB 
• App Memory for a very large enterprise app deployed to tens of thousands of clients: 1.6GB to 1.1GB – a 30% improvement
  
   

• Faster LOL render: 2.08K/s to 223K/s – 107 times faster – no, that’s not a typo.  

Two New UI Components - Free for All!

UI controls are a fundamental part of any well-rounded developer platform. Uno Platform provides a set of our own controls (Uno Toolkit) as well as support for Microsoft and 3rd party UI controls, so you have hundreds of controls to choose from. With Uno Platform 6.0 we are bringing forward more controls, available to you for free.  

Media Player

The Rich and robust Media Player Element from Windows UI is now available on all targets supported by Uno Platform. This includes support on the new Skia-based targets. Under the hood, on Windows and Linux, libvlc is used, the Media tag is used on the web and the native iOS/Android players are used.

Here is a sample, demonstrating seamless cross-platform video playback using the MediaPlayerElement, running locally across Desktop (Windows), Web (via WebAssembly), and Android—all rendered with Skia.  

WebView2

WebView2 control enables users to navigate to external web content and display custom HTML content. It also facilitates communication between C# and JavaScript, allowing for powerful embedding scenarios such as interacting with JavaScript charting or data grid components. WebView2 is now available on all targets supported by Uno Platform. For those of you targeting Linux we’re including GTK4 based implementation, closing a long-time gap for Uno Platform apps. 

Here is a sample using WebView2 control on Windows Desktop target, using Skia to draw the UI.

Hundreds More UI Controls!

The Media Player and WebView2 come in addition to hundreds of UI controls already available to you from WinUI, Windows Community Toolkit, 3rd-party commercial vendors, open-source libraries, Uno Toolkit and.NET MAUI controls. With these integrations you have all that you need for building enterprise-grade applications – from powerful Data Grids, to charts, graphs, and more.  

As of this release, the Uno Platform Toolkit will be included in the Uno Platform Studio Community Edition for free—without the $1M revenue limitation we originally had, empowering everyone to build modern, high-performance applications with no barriers. 

Native Control Host and Airspace Improvements

In this release, we’re including additional support for native control embedding on all Skia targets. Particularly, we’re introducing enhanced support for Airspace, when Uno-based content needs to be over native controls. This way, we’re able to show the Media Player playback controls over the video or have popups over other contents like the Web View. 

Win32 backend and XAML Trimming

In this release, we’re introducing a new windows backend support which uses Win32 directly, instead of our existing WPF implementation. The benefits of these changes are the ability to enable IL Trimming in full mode, bringing the size of self-contained applications down by 100MB. Self-contained publishing mode is now also supported. 

Furthermore, we’re enabling XAML and Resources Trimming for iOS and Desktop targets, a feature which was originally only enabled for WebAssembly. 

On Desktop, the combined features bring a blank app size 74% down on Windows desktop, from 200MB to 52MB. On iOS, the XAML Trimming feature brings the size 21% down from 92MB down to 73MB.

As for the build time when using AOT is directly related to the package size, it’s bringing down the build-time duration by 35%. 

Uno.WinRT now available: The most complete and unmatched Non-UI Cross-Platform API

As part of the changes for supporting Skia rendering on all platforms, we’re introducing a new package called Uno.WinRT. This package contains APIs that have been present since the beginning of Uno Platform to provide cross-platform access to non-UI features such as generic filesystem, sensors, file/image/video picking, networking, and devices like MIDI, flashlight, geolocation, Game Pads and dozens more. 

By decoupling these APIs into a dedicated package, you can now build and distribute NuGet packages that rely solely on non-UI features, without pulling in any UI dependencies. This simplifies your setup, reduces overhead, and lets you target a single framework like net9.0 with ease. 

More importantly, this gives you access to one of the most comprehensive and consistent non-UI cross-platform APIs available today — purpose-built to help you build apps and libraries that run everywhere .NET runs.  

Uno.SDK Upgrade Prompts

Upgrading to the latest build of Uno Platform has become a lot easier over the past few releases, with only a single version to change in the global.json file. 

Finding that latest updated SDK version was a bit cumbersome, so we’re introducing an update to our IDE extensions that will automatically prompt when a significant new update to the Uno Platform SDK has been released. 

You’ll be able to decide if you want to update the SDK with a single click, or stop being notified until the next update becomes available. 

No Compromise Enterprise ready Localization and Accessibility

Localization and accessibility support are essential for ensuring inclusiveness for users with diverse needs, reaching international markets, and maintaining compliance. Uno Platform has long supported localization and accessibility through its native rendering approach, aligning with platform-specific standards. With the newly released Skia-based controls, we’re bringing that same level of support to our cross-platform rendering engine—ensuring your applications are delightful to use and compliant with the highest accessibility standards. 

Our opinion on AI-assisted software development

Without a doubt, the future of software development involves AI. We are monitoring trends and testing various tools ourselves. The conclusion we’ve reached is that, at this time, AI works best as an assistant rather than an autonomous coder, which is why we will start to introduce AI tooling where we think it makes sense.  

In the future, you can expect us to add more modules and agents to Uno Platform Studio, to ensure you can continue building cross-platform .NET Applications in record time.  

Big Companies are Betting Big on Uno Platform

Choosing the right development platform is critical when investing in the core applications that run your business. These three companies —leaders in logistics (Dispatch Science), dealership management (Ziios), and Career Management (iRatio) turned to Uno Platform to future-proof their line of business and client-facing applications. 

Dispatch Science, a leader in last-mile delivery logistics, moves over one million parcels every month—making speed, efficiency, and reliability non-negotiable. To keep up with this scale while continuing to innovate, they turned to Uno Platform to modernize their mobile app their drivers use daily. 

"We've chosen Uno Platform to revolutionize our mobile app development strategy. With Uno Platform, our developers can deploy features using a single codebase, fully harnessing the native capabilities of both iOS and Android. This ensures a consistent and polished user experience across platforms, while strictly adhering to each platform's design standards. Ultimately, our customers will benefit the most, as we can concentrate on delivering innovative features while Uno Platform manages the underlying infrastructure and orchestration mechanisms."

Alex Proteau

CTO & Co-Founder Dispatch Science 

ZiiDMS  it the Enterprise dealership management system that provides the only true multi location management for the motorcycle and powersports industry—provide everything dealers need to run their business, from inventory and service to accounting. With growing demand for modern, maintainable, and cross-platform tools, ZiDMS turned to Uno Platform to reimagine and future-proof their Dealer Management System. 

"We began our modernization journey by rewriting the Accounting module of our DMS using Uno Platform, and the results have exceeded expectations. Uno Platform allowed us to retain our investment in .NET—both in terms of product and people—while expanding to modern platforms and devices. With a single codebase, we’re now laying the groundwork to bring the same modernization to the service, parts, and vehicle sales areas of our platform. Uno Platform has been a key strategic enabler for this transition, making it easier and faster."

Curtis Conner

CEO, Ziios 

iRatio is a next-generation platform that helps employees build and showcase verified work performance through real-time employer feedback. With a focus on transparency and portability, iRatio empowers workers to take control of their professional reputation across jobs and industries. 

"Uno Platform has allowed our developers to minimize development time without compromising on quality. We went from concept to production-ready apps in record time — far faster than if we had used separate native stacks or even other cross-platform solutions. With a single codebase solution written almost entirely in C#/.NET, we now deliver a seamless and consistent experience across Web, iOS and Android. Thanks to Uno Platform, we hit the app stores quickly and continued to deliver additional features at minimal cost, and our users have responded — our mobile apps maintain a rating of 4.3/5 stars and above. Uno Platform handles the complexity behind the scenes so we can focus entirely on delivering real value to workers and businesses."

Philip Madrzyk

CEO

Deprecating UWP support, all in on .NET

Starting with this release, we are removing the support for the UWP API set.  

That said, the Uno Platform 5.6 branch on our repo and NuGet packages remain available for those who wish to continue using it or fork it for further maintenance. Additionally, in the interest of keeping our documentation clear and focused going forward, we are removing UWP-specific content from our main docs, you can view the documentation by browsing the docs folder from the GitHub repository. 

For teams looking to modernize, we’ve prepared a migration guide to help transition from UWP to WinAppSDK with minimal friction. While this won’t come as a surprise to clients and community members we’ve been actively working with, we want to ensure others not yet in contact with us are also supported. If you need help migrating from UWP, please don’t hesitate to reach out through our Enterprise Support page. Uno Platform remains committed to supporting modern, maintainable technologies while ensuring continuity for existing apps. 

Launch Webinar

May 15, 2025, 11 AM EDT

Join us for the Launch Webinar and see how Uno Platform Studio and Uno Platform 6.0 create the most productive Dev Loop in .NET.
Expect a demo galore! Our team will showcase not only the key new features in this release but also how 6.0 milestone completes a seven-year-long journey of innovation—and sets the stage for what’s next. Plus, don’t miss your chance to win exciting prizes during the event. Make sure to add it to your calendar!

Add to calendar

New Reference Implementation – Chefs App

Building cross-platform apps with Uno Platform is very productive. But productivity cannot be sacrificed for code cleanliness and maintainability. That’s why we’ve created the Chef’s reference implementation, your go-to cookbook packed with practical, bite-sized code recipes designed to help you master UI development across platforms. 

Whether you’re customizing app icons, fine-tuning mobile status bars, implementing advanced navigation patterns, or building rich, reactive State Management / MVUX experiences, the Chef’s App shows you how it’s done—with working code you can copy, learn from, or adapt for your own apps.  

In this release, we’re spotlighting code recipes across key categories, with more to come: Responsive Design, UI Navigation, User Interaction, MVUX, Splash screens, interactive maps, LiveCharts integration, Data & Hosting. 

There is SO MUCH in that sample app, we invite you to dig into the app and in the days and weeks to come you can expect us to both add more code recipes, as well as examples and video tutorials.  

You can find the sample code here and a quick snippet on getting started with Chef belows:

1. Pull down the code
2. Launch the Desktop target
   
   

You should now be on the Chefs Welcome Page: 

Take note of the Hot Reload / Hot Design toolbar.

Hit the flame and enter into Hot Design mode:

Now you can test out some changes to the app live – try out different form factors, edit the properties of the Image to change the Stretch, etc. 

Summary – A Platform Years in the Making

We are very proud of the team and the community for all the work that went into Uno Platform 6.0 and Uno Platform Studio – we are opening a whole new chapter with it. But this milestone is just the latest in a series of innovations that, across five major releases and over 2,000,000 lines of code have established Uno Platform as the most complete productivity platform for cross-platform .NET development—with the fastest developer loop in the .NET ecosystem.  

Over the years, we’ve introduced true Single Project support for 6 platforms, simplifying setup and versioning and eliminating the friction of managing multiple platform heads. The evolution of the Uno.SDK and feature packaging has streamlined how developers work, while our tooling—from setup to development and deployment—makes it a breeze to get started and scale. 

On the UI side, we now offer the largest suite of first-party and third-party controls available, including Windows Community Toolkit (WCT), Uno Toolkit, MAUI Embedding, countless Open-Source controls and now Skia-based controls. These enable you to build visually rich, highly responsive apps without compromise. With support for localization and accessibility now fully integrated into the Skia renderer, the platform ensures your applications remain inclusive and globally ready—across mobile, web, desktop and embedded. All of this, paired with Uno Platform Studio features like Hot Reload, Hot Design, and Design to Code, makes Uno Platform the most productive way to build cross-platform apps with .NET. 

The only thing left to do – hit our Getting Started!  

Next Steps

Ready to explore everything Uno Platform 6.0 has to offer?
From faster rendering with Skia to our new Uno Platform Studio and powerful productivity tools—now’s the perfect time to jump back into .NET development with Uno Platform. Download the latest extension and start building today.

Try Uno Platform

Tags: XAML, WPF, Xamarin, UWP, Silverlight, .NET, Windows, C#, XAML

• Hot Design, Hot Reload, Skia, Uno Platform 6.0, Uno Platform Studio

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The Gates Foundation celebrated its 25th anniversary today with a talk and Q&A featuring co-founder Bill Gates, who shared that he would be pouring $200 billion, nearly all of his wealth, into the philanthropy and that the organization would disperse all of its funds over the next two decades.

On a small stage before invited guests at New York City’s Carnegie Hall, Gates presented a history of the world’s largest philanthropy and shared its progress in global health, education and agriculture.

He gave a show-and-tell about innovations including malaria bed nets and a drape placed under women during childbirth to monitor for blood loss. He thanked his late mother and father for their positive influence. And he choked up recounting Warren Buffett’s guidance on giving back.

Gates presented his “favorite ever” chart plotting the 51% decline in childhood deaths from 2000 to 2022. He talked about the foundation’s work battling HIV, malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea. And he discussed a pipeline of innovations such as TB vaccine trial, AI providing healthcare in native languages, and crop and weather data for small farmers.

“This is a surprising time to come together and state our optimism about what can be done,” he said, “because we are in an incredible crisis.”

Gates noted the devastating cuts being made to global aid by the Trump administration as well funding reductions from European countries. “It is tragic,” he said, “and what it’s going to mean is that for the first time in a long time, that childhood death number is going to go back up.”

The event included a discussion with Gates and Mark Suzman, CEO of the foundation, that was moderated by Emma Tucker, Wall Street Journal’s editor-in-chief. Here are some highlights, edited for clarity and length.

What happens when Gates gives away 99% of his wealth?

“I’ll be 90 by the time it’s all given away. And I’ll make sure I have enough to buy pickleball rackets, tennis rackets, various things … taking care of, supporting my kids in a generous way.”

What led to the announcement of the $200 billion donation?

“This year is pretty unusual for me. My dad would be 100. I’ll be 70, which seems like a very old age. Microsoft celebrated its 50th anniversary, and I got to do that with Steve Ballmer and Satya [Nadella] just a few weeks ago. And you know, I’ll be 90 in 20 years. I want the Gates Foundation, which has great people, great partnerships, to be able to go full speed ahead.”

Gates was “impressed” by President Trump at an initial meeting last year. The administration has since slashed programs important to Gates, so how does he feel now?

“I had a really good dinner with him Dec. 27, and a short meeting on Feb. 5 where I said that what was going on with the USAID was way beyond any elimination of waste.”

Gates also referenced misinformation from Elon Musk, head of the Department of Government Efficiency, in which he erroneously claimed the Biden administration had spent millions on condoms for Hamas terrorists in Gaza, when the funding went to preventing children from getting HIV in Mozambique, “which just kind of shows how much thought the group that did that put into their work,” he added.

“I admit there’s budget pressure and there’s other voices talking to [Trump], but I think I’ll get a chance to talk with him and Congress. If we were able to get to something like a 15 to 20% cut, then we can be smart about which things [are] the lowest impact, and it won’t be a tragedy.”

Has Gates spoken to Elon Musk?

“When it comes to knowledge of USAID, as brilliant as Elon is, I actually know more about it than he does. I’ve been in Nigeria and met the people who work for USAID. I’ve been in [Democratic Republic of Congo]. These are heroic people … the work they do makes a huge difference. So his characterization [that] it’s a criminal enterprise, or it’s worms, or it belongs in the wood chipper, I think was not based on having much data.”

What would Gates most like to achieve with the $200 billion?

“As large as that number is, you know, we can’t do it alone. A lot of that money will go to drive creation of new tools, and there we’re less dependent on others [for funding support] … We should be able to reduce childhood death faster in these 20 years than in the last 25. We have tools in the pipeline that make us very optimistic about malaria. If we just had the existing tools, no, it can’t be done. We’re going to change vaccines, so instead of being a shot, it’s just a little patch, so they’re far, far easier to deliver.”

[Gates went on to describe improved vaccines for HIV, human papilloma virus and pneumococcus, and efforts to care for premature babies.]

Who does Gates look to to carry the torch for philanthropy?

“People like Mark Zuckerberg, who’s an early joiner, [Facebook co-founder] Dustin Moskovitz and [his wife] Cari, are fantastic philanthropists. Hopefully the norms in society are increasing that if you have huge amounts of wealth, people look to you and say, ‘OK, … how are you going to give this money back? How are you going to take the skills that you clearly demonstrated in the for-profit game and take measures that aren’t profit driven and put some of your energy into that?”

“… I was just in India earlier this year, or just in Singapore this week. Everywhere we go, we’re creating communities of philanthropists that can work together.”

What makes Gates optimistic?

“I’m optimistic naturally, so it’d be hard to avoid that, but I’m also optimistic objectively … I’ve stayed very involved with the AI work at Microsoft, and what we understand about the immune system, and the tools that are coming along, innovation will make a huge, huge difference here. And so I think my optimism is well justified despite an incredible emergency that we’re living through right now.”