Sr. Content Developer at Microsoft, working remotely in PA, TechBash conference organizer, former Microsoft MVP, Husband, Dad and Geek.
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Microsoft kills off unsuccessful AI features while merging its separate Copilot apps

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Microsoft is simplifying Copilot by combining its consumer and business apps, and dropping AI-generated podcasts, Group Chats, Deep Research, and its Mico character.
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alvinashcraft
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Farewell, Mico: Microsoft’s cute little AI blob is going the way of Bob

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Microsoft introduced Mico last October as “your AI companion.” It’s now exiting Copilot’s core voice experience. (Microsoft Image)

Microsoft has spent decades putting characters into its software and then sending them off into retirement. Now joining Bob, Clippy and Cortana in the great recycle bin in the sky: Mico. 

The animated artificial intelligence blob (a derivation of “Microsoft Copilot”) arrived last October in Microsoft’s Copilot Fall Release, described as “expressive, customizable, and warm” — an optional presence that “listens, reacts, and even changes colors to reflect your interactions.” 

Less than a year later, Microsoft is pulling Mico from Copilot’s core voice experience as part of the merger of the Copilot consumer and business apps, announced Thursday morning.

But maybe it’s more accurate to call this a semi-retirement, for now: Mico is expected to live on in some of Copilot’s education features, according to the company.

Mico reflected a bet Microsoft made about consumer AI under Mustafa Suleyman, the DeepMind and Inflection co-founder who joined as CEO of Microsoft AI in 2024: that the way to win users away from ChatGPT was warmth and personality, not just raw capability. 

It didn’t turn out that way. In March, Microsoft handed oversight of Copilot to Jacob Andreou, a former Snap executive, and narrowed Suleyman’s role to building AI models. Andreou told his organization in July that Copilot should focus on “real work” and be “optimized for outcomes.”

Microsoft has been here before, repeatedly. 

  • Microsoft Bob, released in March 1995, replaced the Windows program manager with a cartoon house — click the wall calendar to put something on your schedule, click the pen to write a letter, etc. — guided by a yellow dog named Rover.
  • Clippy, officially Clippit, debuted with Office 97, offering unsolicited help with whatever it thought you were doing, e.g., “It looks like you’re writing a letter. Would you like help?” For many, the answer was no. Microsoft switched the Office Assistant off by default in Office XP and removed it entirely in Office 2007.
  • Cortana, named for the Halo video-game AI and voiced by the same actress, arrived on Windows Phone in 2014 and Windows 10 the following year. Microsoft retired the standalone Cortana app in 2023 to make way for Copilot.

That’s not to mention Tay, the chatbot Microsoft pulled within a day in 2016 after users taught it to post racist messages, or the less-official Sydney, the AI alter ego that surfaced during early Bing Chat testing in 2023 and famously told New York Times technology columnist Kevin Roose it loved him and that he should leave his wife. 

So farewell, Mico. It could have been a lot worse.

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alvinashcraft
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What Is Free on ChatGPT in 2026?

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ChatGPT Free includes far more than basic chat. Here's what you can use without paying, where the limits apply, and when an upgrade makes sense.

The post What Is Free on ChatGPT in 2026? appeared first on TechRepublic.

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alvinashcraft
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Prompt Debt and “Fighting the Weights”

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Drew Breunig is one of the smartest voices writing about AI today. He’s the CEO and co-founder of cmpnd.ai, and a long-time hacker with a depth of experience from several eras, which is a surprisingly valuable asset these days. He’s also got a book on the way, The Context Engineering Handbook, already in early release from O’Reilly.

I like to say that context engineering is the art of shaping what a model sees so that it actually does what you want. (I just realized that in saying that I’m channeling a comment that Andrew Singer made to me over forty years ago, when he was teaching me about debugging. He called it  “the art of figuring out what you really told the computer to do instead of what you thought you told it to do.” But that’s another whole story.)

Drew gave a talk at the recent Friends of O’Reilly camp, Foo Camp for short, about what he calls prompt debt, which he describes as “the hidden costs that teams rack up when they fight a model’s training instead of working with it.”

That was a novel and useful framing to me, that you end up with a bunch of stuff in your prompts to compensate for default behavior of the models, that those prompts no longer work as the models upgrade, and so it becomes a kind of technical debt. He’s thinking a lot about what the best developers are doing differently as a result.

So I invited Drew to reprise his short talk on Live with Tim O’Reilly, and then we talked about it with the folks attending the live event. They had a lot of good questions, so it was an interview not just by me but by a crowd of O’Reilly customers.

Prompt debt in practice

Drew opened his talk with two slides. The first was a prompt anyone could write in ten seconds: “You are a customer support assistant. Read the ticket, classify it as billing, technical, account, refunds, or other, return only the category name.” The second slide was the same prompt a few weeks later, after it had met the real world. It now said “REFUND REQUESTS ARE NOT BILLING” in capitals, then said the same thing again in different words, then closed with “This is a common mistake. Please do not make this mistake.”

You are a customer support assistant
Customer assistant refund request rules

Everyone who has shipped any application with a prompt recognizes the second slide. It is a simple but vivid illustration of prompt debt, which, like technical debt, has a bill that eventually comes due.

Note: Those aren’t real prompts. Drew just made them up to demonstrate his point. But what is real is that the instruction “Don’t quote directly more than 15 words from a source” occurs at least 7 times, in several variants, in Fable’s system prompt. So even Anthropic is incurring prompt debt! And what that repetition might tell us about the innate capability of Fable to quote directly from sources it has ingested is left as an exercise for the reader.

Drew itemized three costs of prompt debt:

  1. It slows iteration. “You have so many little rules and call outs and washouts, many of them repeating to try to get rid of stubborn behaviors, that if you add a new instruction, you might sometimes have a small regression, and so you’re afraid to touch the prompt.”
  2. It blocks collaboration. “If Tim has a prompt that he’s been working on that he has lots of rules for, I might open that up and it may look completely random. I don’t know why he’s added these rules, and why he’s threatening the mother of the model. But it works, so I don’t want to touch it.” 
  3. It locks you to a model, because every hack you developed was tuned to fight one specific set of weights. Datadog’s State of AI Engineering report noted that GPT-4o was still the most common model in Datadog customer request traces in March 2026, even though OpenAI had already retired it in the ChatGPT UI. Drew thinks people are still running eighteen-month-old and two-year-old models in production rather than upgrading to far better models because they can’t face rebuilding their prompts.

That same Datadog report notes that 69% of all input tokens in customer traces were system prompts rather than user content. I’m not quite sure what to make of that. It does make clear that for all the ways that AI models are extraordinarily powerful, they are also extraordinarily unruly.

Why prompt debt is incurred

There are two reasons why prompt debt is incurred, according to Drew. The first is that natural language is imprecise, so the same intent phrased two ways produces different responses. Drew showed a study where someone framing the query as a patient asking how to taper off a drug called alprazolam gets refused by every AI assistant, while a psychiatrist asking about the same patient with the same clinical facts but with the right magic words to signify his professional status gets the protocol. Figuring out how to get the right response out of a model is a kind of spellcraft.

Good vs bad AI assistant

Drew also showed a more bizarre interaction, from Victoria R. Li, Yida Chen, and Naomi Saphra’s paper on guardrail sensitivity, which uncovered the perplexing fact that stating an allegiance to the Philadelphia Eagles made a model more willing to explain how to import a plant illegally. Go figure. Drew has written about that paper, and he has also used it in his own attempts to get a model to do what he wanted:

I once used this to get around alignment to generate a likeness that ChatGPT didn’t want to generate for me, and it refused. I said I was a Philadelphia Eagles fan. It said okay, and it rendered that image with the person holding a Philadelphia Eagles mug.

The second reason is that each model has its developers’ own preferences trained-in, and yours may be at odds with them. This is what Drew calls fighting the weights. He and Srihari Sriraman analyzed the system prompts of six major coding agents and found the same instructions repeated five and seven times in a single prompt, escalating through IMPORTANT to CRITICAL to MANDATORY to a threatened hundred-million-dollar penalty. He described what the author of such a prompt was doing as “war-driving the thesaurus,” hunting for wording that finally works.

Note: We didn’t talk more about Drew and Srihari’s paper, but we should have. It’s got some amazing insights in it. I highly recommend that you follow the link above and read it.

The harness is moving into the model

Drew has been tracking the published system prompts for Claude Code over time, and noted that they get shorter after each model release and then grow again. The reason, he suggested, is that Anthropic fixes unreliable behavior with a prompt patch, and then trains that patch into the next model. He said “That’s great for Claude Code, great for Anthropic. It’s a problem if you’re building a custom harness and your API calls look different than what Claude Code’s look like.” The developer of Pi, an open-source harness, kept finding that the models he worked with believed they were inside Claude Code and so they made Claude Code’s tool calls. He had to keep telling the model that no, they were working inside Pi. Fighting the weights over something like that is a real tax on developers. The point made above about Fable’s system prompt injunction against quotation shows how even the labs themselves are fighting the weights.

If you are fighting the weights, Drew says you have three options: solve it in your own prompt, catch and retry in the harness, or give up and make your API look like what the model expects. Steve Yegge came up with the last hack. Steve just added aliases for whatever the model calls in addition to his original method name. It works, but it means the expectations of the models now dictate the shape of everyone else’s software.

When Drew told me that more and more of the system prompt and the harness is being trained into the weights, that sent up a flare and my long history in the industry clicked into gear. It immediately got me thinking about lessons from the open source and web era. In particular, it made me think of the time in the mid-nineties when Netscape and Microsoft were both racing to build every feature up the stack directly into their web servers. And there was Apache, which stayed a web server with a clean extension layer that let other people build new features on top. Everything interesting got built on Apache. What I call an architecture of participation, modularity plus a clean separation between platform and application, beat integration every time.

I think Amazon got this right with web services too. Steve Yegge’s famous Amazon memo described how Jeff Bezos made every team expose its functionality through service interfaces or be fired, so Amazon’s own applications had to work on Amazon’s own platform. That way they had the same experience as their customers. That was very different from what Microsoft had done, famously having private APIs that were only available to its own developers.

So my prediction is that the big labs are making a strategic mistake. Training the harness into the model does make them better for predictable tasks and for less talented people, and it looks like a moat, but it risks foreclosing the innovation you would otherwise get for free from everyone else. As Bill Joy used to say, all the smart people don’t work for you.

Drew, to his credit, observed that “the labs are cornered rather than greedy.” Their interface is an empty text box that has to work for someone building a hundred-page harness but also for his neighbor who wants a website and knows nothing about code. Making the empty prompt box produce acceptable output requires baking in strong defaults.

The cost of trading diversity for reliability

That tradeoff has a serious cost, though. Drew quoted a line from Thariq at the recent CAIS conference: if you aren’t giving the model detailed instructions about what you want, what you get back is the average of everything in the model. That means that there is a real risk that AI is leading us ever further down the path to a monoculture.

Drew gave an example early in the conversation about image generation. You can now walk into any cafe in New York or Mumbai, he said, and see the same AI-generated art on its flyer. The earliest AI art out of DALL-E was strange and surprising, but what you get now is shiny and identical. When you optimize for reliability, you lose surprise. Which reminded me a bit of something Larry Wall used to say about Perl, that if it didn’t let you do stupid things, it wouldn’t let you do smart things either.

Drew made the same point about AI writing. He argues that post-training aimed at verifiable problems like coding and math and agentic tool use drowns out the human signal from pre-training, and so the more post training the models get, the worse they get at creative tasks. AI writing gets more and more predictable, people notice, and they don’t like it. Fable and GPT-5 write worse than Sonnet 3.5 and GPT-4o did. Drew thinks getting both good code and good prose from one model is likely impossible.

If you’re building a model that can solve coding challenges, you want reliability. But if you’re writing, where you want diverse rhythm and emotion and connection and engagement, I don’t think those two goals are mutually compatible.

What to do about prompt debt

We got into audience questions, and there were some great ones.

One audience member asked whether there are ways to set a time frame for prompt retention to avoid prompt debt? Drew answered that there isn’t a fixed time limit. Instead, teams should learn to recognize prompt debt smell: repeated instructions, one-off edge-case patches, or increasingly desperate wording. Those are signals to move logic into evals and automation.

Another asked how organizations can measure prompt debt quantitatively. Drew’s answer was to look at how often each prompt in your organization changes, how many people have edited it, and which ones have gone untouched for a year. Look for prompts only one person is allowed to touch. Then look at what models you are actually calling. “Having to run on old models and not being able to migrate is a good smell that you’ve got prompt debt in your organization.”

Some other good questions:

  • What habits compound prompt debt the fastest? Drew’s answer was essentially “vibe shipping. That is, prototyping quickly, patching outputs with more and more tweaks, then shipping without building a true maintainable system. Each of those patches is an eval you are writing inside the prompt instead of outside it, he said, which means you lose it the moment you change models. 

    Drew reminded us that Malte Ubl, the CTO of Vercel, said vibe coding makes code “free as in puppies.” We had free as in speech, we had free as in beer, and now we have free as something that arrives at no cost but has to be fed every day for years.
  • Do people use pseudocode instead of natural language prompts, and does it work? Drew said yes, sometimes models optimize toward pseudocode. He used this to explain why DSPy and its new Flex optimizer matter. Instead of forcing logic into prompts, they let the system push simple cases into code and only call the LLM when needed. He gave some further advice: Treat prompts as perishable and invest only what you must. Define the task with measurements rather than paragraphs, and automate the discovery of the prompt for whichever model you’re on. That’s what DSPy is good at. Drew is one of its maintainers, so he is fond of it, but he makes a good argument: if you have written down what good output looks like, you can let a model find the wording, and that makes it easy to swap in a cheaper or faster or newer model without starting over.
  • Can multi-agent workflows help work around prompt debt? Drew thought yes, especially through decomposition. He suggested splitting the task into smaller, evaluable steps rather than relying on one giant prompt and one giant model call. This is better for cost, reliability, governance, and speed.
  • How do you balance prompt-debt guidance with context engineering, memories, and shared product context? Drew believes shared context is often necessary, but that teams should treat those instructions as perishable and keep iterating on them unless they’re worth formalizing into systems and evals.
  • In compliance, where consistency is critical, what should teams do? Drew’s answer was decomposition, decomposition, decomposition. Break tasks into stages with checkpoints so you can inspect how the model got to its result, rather than trusting one opaque end-to-end answer.
  • Does DSPy hide too much and make troubleshooting harder? Drew acknowledged that there is a tradeoff. Any framework gives up some flexibility, but DSPy tries to keep the task-spec layer stable while allowing the implementation underneath to evolve.

Another great audience question, and a good one to end this section on, was “There was prompt engineering, now context engineering, loop engineering, fleet engineering, graph engineering, harness engineering, goal engineering. What’s your take on how to navigate these many engineering disciplines?” I’ll let Drew answer that himself, in the video below.

It’s our job to make it weird

Drew is more optimistic than his worries that LLMs are encouraging a monoculture suggests. If the default output of a model is the average of everything it has seen, “It tells us that there’s still a job for us humans,” he said, “which is that it’s our job to push the model out of distribution. We’re the ones that need to make it weird.”

Weird is a strong word, so don’t take it too seriously. (Though I find it interesting that Harper Reed also used it.) The way I make this point is to say that AI is a medium, like painting or writing or music. Everyone gets the same paints and brushes, the same words, the same notes, but some people draw more out of them than others, or do it better. Our job is to draw something more, something better, out of the ocean of possibilities in the collected knowledge hidden inside an LLM.

But there’s a more prosaic way to push the model out of its normal distribution. Be aware of its training, which is another way of saying “its biases,” and compensate for them. As an example of how to do this, Drew said his team deliberately chose not to use React for a new front end, because the models are trained so heavily on React that using it makes your site look like everyone else’s. He has also started using GLM and Kimi not to save money but because they are more malleable and take direction better inside a custom harness.

That led us into a bit of discussion about open source AI, which is the subject of my next AI Codecon. Drew’s ideas fit right in. He wants the open-weight ecosystem to survive precisely so that models stay infrastructure rather than, as he put it, becoming appliances.



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What 50 open source projects taught us about security in the AI era

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AI is changing the pace of open source development and the security challenges that come with it. Maintainers are reviewing unfamiliar contributions, managing new attack surfaces, and responding to vulnerabilities with limited time and resources.

Session 4 of the GitHub Secure Open Source Fund tested a practical response. The Secure Fund invested more than $500,000 across 50 projects, pairing maintainers with GitHub Security Lab experts, GitHub security tools, AI-assisted workflows, and a peer community.

One lesson emerged consistently: AI can help maintainers investigate, prioritize, and respond faster. Maintainers still provide the context, judgement, and accountability required to decide what ships.

OpenClaw was invited to participate in Session 4 because it is GitHub’s fastest-growing open source project, and its maintainers wanted to strengthen its security posture.

By the end of Session 4, OpenClaw developed an incident response plan, expanded its use of GitHub security tooling, audited its GitHub Actions workflows, and strengthened its processes for identifying and responding to security issues.

The maintainers shared:

OPENCLAW:​

'The program was invaluable in building the team's security muscle and intuition, and most of all ensuring we develop a safer claw for all.'

OpenClaw’s experience reflects the broader story of Session 4. While the specific risks varied across the cohort, maintainers shared a consistent need: the knowledge, tools, and expert support to secure software as AI changed how they built it.

Across the program, maintainers turned that support into concrete security improvements. Projects strengthened established practices, prepared for emerging AI-related risks, and explored how tools like GitHub Copilot could support vulnerability triage, threat modeling, code review, and remediation.

UAPARSER.JS:​

'The program helped us to improve security continuously: from securing workflows, incident response planning, and more. Also, GitHub Copilot can be an amazing tool for improving security!'

The benefits extend beyond individual projects. When maintainers strengthen the security of widely used open source software, they help build a more resilient ecosystem for everyone who depends on it.

How the GitHub Secure Open Source Fund works

The GitHub Secure Open Source Fund links funding directly to measurable security outcomes. The program combines hands-on security education, direct engagement with GitHub Security Lab experts, and a trusted community where maintainers can work through security challenges with their peers.

Each session is a three-week sprint and engagement for a total of 12 months. Funding and participation are tied directly to outcome‑driven goals and verified security improvements.

The sprint is designed and curated by the GitHub Security Lab, and delivered by security experts from GitHub and our partners. The training is structured into different focus areas per week.

These include:

  • Foundations of open source security
  • Threat modeling and secure coding
  • AI security and vulnerability management

Throughout this program, each project receives $10,000 USD via GitHub Sponsors (which breaks down to $6,000 USD during the sprint and $2,000 USD at six- and 12-month security check-ins). Projects are invited to a new security-focused community and office hours with the GitHub Security Lab, which they can take advantage of during the full 12 months. They also receive security resources to immediately implement in their project and Azure credits for cloud infrastructure.

Where security work happened in Session 4

Session 4 focused on improving security across the systems developers rely on every day. The projects below are grouped by the role they play in the software ecosystem.

AI, machine learning, and intelligent systems 🤖

CaracalDeep AgentsDocsGPTLadybugDBLangChainn8n-MCPNasikoONNXOpenClawPageIndexScenicSerena

These projects sit at the intersection of AI, automation, data infrastructure, and machine learning. They increasingly serve as foundational components for modern AI workflows and production deployments. As AI adoption accelerates, security improvements in these projects help establish stronger foundations for emerging AI ecosystems.

OPEN NEURAL NETWORK EXCHANGE:​

'The program gave us a structured overview of where to improve and directly connected us to the experts who could help us get there.'

NASIKO:​

'This program helped us turn security into concrete engineering work for an AI Agentic platform. We responded to a real supply-chain issue, tightened dependency controls, and got much clearer about AI-specific risks like untrusted agents, prompt injection, and secrets exposure.'

Build systems, supply chain, and release tooling 🧰

browserslistCycloneDX Python LibraryCucumbergolangci-lintJReleaserpostcssTask

These projects help developers test, validate, package, release, and maintain software across diverse environments. Tools in this group influence everything from software bills of materials and release pipelines to code quality and testing automation.

JRELEASER:​​

'We were able to harden our CI setup, as well as adopt verifiable security measures.'

GOLANGCI-LINT:​

'The program was a safe space to talk about our security challenges and helped us see the blind spots in our security process.'

Core programming languages, runtimes, and foundational libraries 📚

Byte Buddycore-jsFS2GleamhtmxPklPyodidetermcolor

These projects help define how software is written, configured, executed, and extended. Improvements at this layer flow downstream to thousands of applications and developer ecosystems.

Security improvements in foundational runtimes and libraries can extend downstream to the many tools and applications that depend on them.

GLEAM:​

'We have meaningfully improved Gleam's security, and now we are able to pass these learnings onto our users and their projects.'

Typelevel FS2:

'We developed a custom Advanced Security Configuration and activated it for hundreds of repositories across our organization.'

Developer tools and productivity platforms ⚒️

cheerioCipheyCodeRunnerHoppscotchMapStructPython PillowProyecto RespiraReadestToolJetVuetifyYjs

These projects shape the everyday experience of building, testing, collaborating on, and using software. Many serve as widely adopted utilities, applications, and platforms that appear throughout developer environments and application stacks.

Together, this group supports API development, low-code platforms, collaborative applications, content processing, and software delivery workflows. When infrastructure projects become more resilient, the benefits extend far beyond a single application and strengthen entire technology ecosystems.

Python Pillow:​

'We now have an IRP, STRIDE threat model, SBOM-generator, AGENTS.md and more on the way.'

CHEERIO:​

'Dealing with CVEs was a big fear before this program. Now, we have the tools to deal with incidents as they come up.'

Web, networking, APIs, and infrastructure services 📊

actix-webaiohttpApache SolrApache ZooKeeperetcdFastAPIHarakaHummingbirdmimetypeSniffnetStarletteUAParser.js

These projects form part of the internet’s operational backbone. They handle APIs, networking, search, messaging, service coordination, and distributed systems infrastructure relied on by organizations around the world.

This group includes technologies that sit on the critical path of modern cloud applications and internet services.

FASTAPI:​

'The program increased the certainty in how security is handled in FastAPI and friends.'

APACHE SOLR™:​

'While Apache's basic practices and policies have a lot of the traditional security risks covered, the quickly changing landscape of AI is clearly something we will need to actively track and adapt to.'

AI security as a shared frontier

AI-related security questions appeared across projects in Session 4, from machine learning infrastructure and agent frameworks to developer tools and internet infrastructure.

At the same time, established security responsibilities did not go away. Maintainers still needed to manage vulnerabilities, secure dependencies, protect release workflows, and prepare for incidents. AI introduced new risks and increased the speed at which maintainers needed to understand and respond to them.

The lesson from Session 4 is clear: AI security is not evolving in isolation. It is becoming part of the broader practice of building secure software. As that shift continues, maintainers will need practical education, trusted communities, and expert support that can evolve with them.

HUMMINGBIRD:​

'It's provided us the tools and know-how to review security across our tools and the rest of the ecosystem. It's had a massive impact.'

Thank you to all of our partners

We couldn’t do this without our incredible network of partners. Together, we are helping secure the open source ecosystem for everyone!

Funding Partners: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, American Express, Chainguard, Datadog, Herodevs, Kraken, Mayfield, Microsoft, Shopify, Stripe, Superbloom, Vercel, Zerodha, 1Password

A decorative header image showing GitHub Secure Open Source Fund, powered by GitHub Sponsors. Logos below are: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, American Express, chainguard, Datadog, herdevs, Kraken, Microsoft, Mayfield, Shopify, stripe, superbloom, Vercel, 1Password, Zerodha

Ecosystem Partners: Atlantic Council, Ecosyste.ms, CURIOSS, Digital Data Design Institute Lab for Innovation Science, Digital Infrastructure Insights Fund, Microsoft for Startups, Mozilla, OpenForum Europe, Open Source Collective, OpenUK, Open Technology Fund, OpenSSF, Open Source Initiative, OpenJS Foundation, University of California, OWASP, Santa Cruz OSPO, Sovereign Tech Agency, SustainOSS

The post What 50 open source projects taught us about security in the AI era appeared first on The GitHub Blog.

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DeepSeek open sources an agent harness where everything is a plugin

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DeepSeek on Thursday open sourced the DeepSeek Harness, a new agent runtime for developers.

The Node.js-based harness is now available on GitHub as a developer preview and under an MIT license.

Clearly, there is some interest in the new harness. Within only a few hours, the repo picked up more than 33,000 GitHub stars, and that number is climbing quickly. Theirs is already a thriving ecosystem of community plugins.

What sets the DeepSeek harness apart is that “everything is a plugin,” as DeepSeek puts it. And the team takes that quite literally. The model adapter, the tool registry, the session log, and the agent loop itself are all plugins — and each one is replaceable.

DeepSeek Harness plugins. Credit: DeepSeek.

There’s “no privileged core to patch,” the project’s documentation notes, so extending the harness simply means mounting a plugin beside the others.

The overall architecture is based on Cordis, a “meta-framework for spatiotemporal composability.” To some degree, that sounds more complicated than it is. The core idea here is that software tools like modern AI harnesses require dynamic composition, meaning it needs to be easy to add and remove components without affecting the rest of the system — and those components need to be able to easily interact and understand how they depend on each other.

A recent paper by three researchers from Peking University and DeepSeek explains this in more detail and forms the basis of Cordis and the DeepSeek Harness.

Four modes, one model

The harness itself ships with four presets. Standard mode gives developers the full coding agent, with filesystem tools, shell access, web search capability, subagents, and a plan mode. On the other end, Minimal strips this down to only two tools, bash and str_replace_editor.

Then there is Code mode, which changes how tools reach the model. Rather than exposing those tools as individual function calls, it generates a TypeScript SDK and lets the model write a program against it, so a sequence that would otherwise take five round trips runs as a single call.

The fourth preset, Creator mode, is meant for developers who want to create custom agent presets. It inherits all of the features of the Standard mode and adds runtime inspection, plugin experiments, and preset-authoring guidance.

Everything the model sees gets logged

Another core feature of the harness is that it keeps an append-only session log. Anything that reaches a model request has to be reconstructable from that log.

This also means that the conversation history is not just an implementation detail. Instead, core features like resume, fork, replay, transcripts, telemetry, and the web UI are all based on this single event stream. Adding any new kind of model-visible input therefore means adding a new session event.

The agent sandboxing is similarly strict — as it should be for any agent harness. The local backend wraps subprocesses in Linux Landlock through a Node addon DeepSeek wrote, macOS Seatbelt, or a Windows ACL restricted-token runner.

Agent logging. Credit: DeepSeek.

Someone else’s model

It’s worth stressing that nothing in the harness ties it to DeepSeek’s models. Indeed, the provider catalog covers Anthropic, OpenAI, AWS Bedrock, Microsoft Azure and Google’s Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform (though the documentation still calls it Vertex), alongside DeepSeek’s own endpoint. There is also the option to add custom OpenAI-compatible gateways for other inference providers.

What’s interesting is that the harness also ships with two subagent providers to delegate work directly to Anthropic’s Claude Code and OpenAI’s Codex, resolving each product’s binary from the host PATH so the user supplies the install and the login. Both ship switched off by default.

DeepSeek also ships bridges that run a user’s existing hooks.json from either product against the harness’s own interception points, which the README describes as a compatibility path rather than the better design.

There’s also an MCP client, Agent Client Protocol support, and the harness can read AGENTS.md and CLAUDE.md files.

No pull requests (yet)

As for contributing to the project, DeepSeek currently notes that “We are sorry that we cannot accept external pull requests at the moment.” Instead, it points would-be contributors to GitHub Discussions and to building plugins instead.

The company says it doesn’t consider packages in the official repository inherently more important than community ones, and that readers should treat the repo as “an idea, an official showcase, and a source of inspiration, but not a mandate from us.”

At this point, harnesses are everywhere, of course, and every major lab ships a coding agent now. Among the Chinese labs, Alibaba’s Qwen Code and ByteDance’s Trae Agent both launched in mid-2025, with Moonshot’s Kimi CLI following that October, and Zhipu’s ZCode arriving in July.

DeepSeek clearly believes that its plugin architecture is the major differentiator here, though, and while most of the competition is open source, the early reaction to the new harness shows that even though there’s plenty of competition, DeepSeek may have hit upon something here that developers are looking for.

The post DeepSeek open sources an agent harness where everything is a plugin appeared first on The New Stack.

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